Adele E. Goldberg Knihy

The Smalltalk-80 system is an integrated, graphical, and interactive programming environment with capabilities for producing highly functional contact with personal computer systems. This book introduces the Smalltalk-80 approach to information representation and manipulation; it also provides an overview of the syntax of the language. This book is intended for programmers or programming language designers interested in the Smalltalk-80 language and its development environment on a particular kind of hardware system. It assumes that the reader is familiar with at least one programming language and with sequencing of instruction in a computer.

We creatively use language to express ourselves, often extending constructions in novel ways. However, native speakers instinctively recognize when certain phrases, like "Explain me this" or "She considered to go," sound off. In this incisive exploration, Adele Goldberg examines how our constrained language skills arise from a blend of cognitive mechanisms and experience. She sheds light on a linguistic paradox, illustrating how words and abstract constructions are both generalized and constrained. Language learning involves recording partially abstracted tokens within a high-dimensional conceptual space used during communication. Our implicit language knowledge encompasses form, function, and social context. Additionally, abstract memory traces of linguistic events cluster on specific dimensions, with repeated elements reinforcing overlaps. This process leads to the emergence of dynamic categories corresponding to words and constructions, which compete for selection when we convey our messages. While much research has leaned toward semantic or functional explanations, Goldberg emphasizes that both functional and statistical aspects of constructions originate from the same learning mechanisms.