Lorenzo Magnani Knihy

Deals with the logical, epistemological, and cognitive aspects of modeling practices employed in science and engineering Includes supplementary material: sn. pub/extras

This book contains contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR´012), held on June 21-23 in Sestri Levante, Italy. Interdisciplinary researchers discuss in this volume how scientific cognition and other kinds of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some of the contributions analyzed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology and stressed the issues of scientific and technological innovation. The book is divided in three main parts: models, mental models, representations; abduction, problem solving and practical reasoning; historical, epistemological and technological issues. The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international 

Engaging with various disciplines, this volume offers a philosophical exploration of violence, addressing both empirical evidence and theoretical debates. It draws insights from cognitive science, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, political theory, evolutionary biology, and theology, creating a comprehensive understanding of violence's complexities.

Focusing on abductive cognition, this volume delves into the often-overlooked realm of creative and expert inferences in cognition. It bridges various fields, including philosophy, logic, and artificial intelligence, to examine high-level abductive reasoning. The text challenges the traditional views held by twentieth-century philosophers regarding the rationality of creative processes in scientific discovery, suggesting that while many argue such reasoning is irrational, advancements in artificial intelligence indicate that effective methods for discovery do exist.

Addressing the gap between technological advancements and moral understanding, the book explores pressing issues like ecological changes, human cloning, and cyberprivacy. Lorenzo Magnani critiques current moral frameworks, suggesting they fail to accommodate new technologies. He introduces a novel ethical approach that integrates epistemology with cognitive science, aiming to develop a moral strategy that enhances dignity for marginalized populations, both present and future.

Lorenzo Magnani explores the limitations of traditional moral frameworks in the context of emerging technologies. He contends that conventional ethical principles often fall short when addressing the unique challenges posed by innovations, prompting a reevaluation of how we approach moral decision-making in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. Through this analysis, the book encourages a deeper understanding of the intersection between ethics and technology.

The book presents an innovative eco-cognitive approach to computation, emphasizing the role of computational tools and methods as mediators of cognition in society. It explores the dynamic nature of information, cognition, and computation, focusing on their historical context and emergence rather than fixed definitions. The author distinguishes between weak and strong levels of creative cognition, highlighting how computational machines operate with limited "locked abductive strategies," while humans engage in deeper creativity through "unlocked abductive strategies" and eco-cognitive openness.

Engaging with various disciplines, this book explores the complex relationship between violence and morality, asserting that violence is often justified by moral reasoning. It highlights how individuals navigate their moral frameworks in violent contexts, introducing concepts like "moral bubbles" and "overmoralization." The author argues that disagreement about violence can be understood through an evolutionary lens, urging readers to confront our inherent violent tendencies. The revised second edition includes two new chapters addressing contemporary issues like looting finance and threats to scientific thought.

Focusing on the concept of discoverability, this book delves into its epistemological challenges, particularly within the realm of science. It argues that discoverability is vital for sustaining human creativity through an "eco-cognitive" lens. Emphasizing the necessity of integral ecology, the author utilizes the concept of abduction to illustrate how these ideas interconnect, ultimately advocating for a holistic approach to understanding knowledge and creativity in relation to our environment.

This book presents an eco-cognitive model of abduction, emphasizing the embodied nature of scientific cognition. It explores the knowledge produced by science through Aristotle's ideas on inferential tools and mediators, linking cognitive optimization to various aspects of abduction. It also critiques the negative impact of commodification on scientific creativity.