Sarah Kristina Danielsson Knihy

In the #MeToo era, the scourge of sexual violence in society has come into new focus. It has become clear that women and men have been, and are, victimized to an extent that many had previously not realized. But this invisibility has largely been aided by a history of silencing victims and of impunity for perpetrators. Wartime and military sexual violence has similar patterns of invisibility, silence and impunity. Furthermore, sexual violence in wartime and beyond is a phenomenon that cannot be divorced from broader social, economic and political issues. It is this dual focus on sexual violence itself and its contexualization that lies at the heart of this volume. This volume probes new directions in understanding sexual violence during conflict, as well as analyzing ethnicity, masculinity and their relationships to sexual violence.

War is always related to many different aspects, e. g. religion, technology etc. However, one of the aspects of central importance for the history of warfare is geography. The present volume will analyze this interrelationship from several different perspectives. Geography is not only integral to the planning of tactics and strategies, but plays an important role in the outcome of war and its longterm aftermath. Furthermore, the interplay between war and geography is not purely a modern phenomenon but can be traced back through the ages of history. Geography always had the potential of providing an advantage or disadvantage. The aim of the volume is to grant historical perspectives on that special interrelationship in different time periods and regional settings. The purpose is to provide a deeper insight and an interdisciplinary discussion, which will open new perspectives on military history in general and the history of warfare in particular.

S. K. Danielsson: Introduction: Intellectual Anti-Semitism – F. Dal Bo: „So then, the Law is Holy, and the Commandment is Holy, Righteous and Good“: Augustine´s Ambiguities on the Jewish Law – F. Hessel: „Yellow Peril“ and the Globalization of German anti-Semitism – S. K. Danielsson: The Making of an Intellectual Anti-Semite: Sven Hedin and the Dangers of „Banal“ Racism – F. Jacob: Dietrich Eckart and the Formulation of Hitler´s Antisemitism – P. Staudenmaier: Anti-Semitic Intellectuals in Fascist Italy: Promoting „Spiritual Racism,“ 1938-1945 – I. Nastas a-Matei: Romanian Students in Nazi Germany and Their Political Options: Several Case-Studies – S. Sheppard: Valle-Inclán’s Anti-Semitic Enlightenment: Honor and Masculinity in „El Esperpento de los Cuernos de Don Friolera“ – N. Schneider: Anti-Semitism in René Girard’s Theory of Persecution and Scapegoating – T. J. Demy: American Evangelical Dispensationalism and the Charge of Anti-Semitism – A. G. Piotrowska: Heavy Metal and the Issue of Anti-Semitism in the Musicological Context – B. S. Gardenour Walter: The Blood-Thirsty Jew: From Medieval Scholasticism to Transnational Anti-Semitism in the Digital Age – J. Tokarska-Bakir: The Open Secret: Victims, Perpetrators, Witnesses and Bystanders in Polish Public Discourse at the Beginning if the 21st Century