Alla Valeriïvna Bujsʹkych Knihy

This study investigates the evolution of architectural orders in public and private structures within major Greek colonies in the northern Black Sea region. A detailed analysis reveals that the earliest Ionic order was primarily influenced by southern Ionia, particularly Miletus, the mother city of the first northern colonies. By the end of the Late Archaic period, a local Ionic style emerged in Olbia and the Bosporan region, notably in Pantikapaion, with early public buildings featuring altars and temples. During the 5th and 4th centuries B.C., various stylistic influences came into play: the north-western area showed strong ties to Attica, with local stone production reflecting Ionic and Doric orders, while the north-eastern region was more influenced by the Ionic order from Asia Minor. The Bosporan state’s architecture was shaped by Pantikapaion's public buildings. In the Hellenistic period, monumental architecture flourished, introducing the Corinthian order, primarily in smaller structures like grave monuments. Throughout the pre-Roman era, less than 10 percent of marble pieces were imported, mainly of Ionic and Corinthian styles. The Roman presence halted the growth of local architectural schools, leading to the adoption of Tuscan and Corinthian orders influenced by Italian workshops. By the 1st century A.D., about 70 percent of marble decoration in public architecture was imported, reflecting a shift towards a western t