Ernesto de Martino Knihy

Autorovo nejslavnější, dnes již klasické dílo rekonstruuje „magický věk“ jako moment vývoje dějin ducha – tj. údobí, kdy jsou hranice mezi člověkem a přírodou, mezi subjektem a objektem dosud nezřetelné a z této nejistoty vzniká drama „krize přítomnosti“. Magie představuje soubor technik, jak člověka z této krize vyvést a upevnit jeho pocit existence. De Martino na základě různých etnografických zjištění stanovuje hlavní momenty tohoto dramatu. Na rozdíl od iracionalistického hlediska, které nepřihlíží k historické povaze magie a činí z ní metafyzickou zkušenost, a na rozdíl od racionalistického pojetí, které ji vyškrtává z dějin, de Martino ukazuje, jak je tento problém sám historickým produktem, jehož zrod spadá právě do magického věku.

The Land of Remorse (La Terra del Rimorso, first Italian edition 1961) is a classic work by Ernesto De Martino, the founding figure of Italian cultural anthropology and ethnopsychiatry. Based on fieldwork conducted in the Salentine peninsula of Southern Italy in 1959, the study deals with the phenomenon of Apulian tarantism, a form of possession related to the belief in the bite of a mythical tarantula and its ritual cure in the tarantella dance. De Martino draws together the contributions of various specialists who participated in the fieldwork, including a psychologist, a psychiatrist, an ethnomusicologist and a social anthropologist. As both an ethnologist and classically-trained religious historian, the author reviews the fieldwork data through the lens of tarantism's historical analysis. The result is a compassionate and compelling account of tarantism, which no longer appears as mere mental illness or as a "survival" of shamanistic irrationality, but as a product of a cultural history defined from above, endowed with its own forms of rationality. This annotated edition, translated by Dorothy Zinn, includes the fieldwork photographs of those afflicted by tarantism as they perform the ritual exorcism, an example of the author's early use of visual methods in ethnographic research.

Though his work was little known outside Italian intellectual circles for most of the twentieth century, anthropologist and historian of religions Ernesto de Martino is now recognized as one of the most original thinkers in the field. This book is testament to de Martino’s innovation and engagement with Hegelian historicism and phenomenology—a work of ethnographic theory way ahead of its time. This new translation of Sud e Magia, his 1959 study of ceremonial magic and witchcraft in southern Italy, shows how De Martino is not interested in the question of whether magic is rational or irrational but rather in why it came to be perceived as a problem of knowledge in the first place. Setting his exploration within his wider, pathbreaking theorization of ritual, as well as in the context of his politically sensitive analysis of the global south’s historical encounters with Western science, he presents the development of magic and ritual in Enlightenment Naples as a paradigmatic example of the complex dynamics between dominant and subaltern cultures. Far ahead of its time, Magic is still relevant as anthropologists continue to wrestle with modernity’s relationship with magical thinking.