Andrzej Raj Knihy

Introduction; The Concept of Forest and Brush Communities, Principles of Their Differentiation and Classification; Classification of Communities in View of Human Role in Their Origin and Transformation; Ecological Processes Within Forest Communities; Forest Generative Trees and Important Brush Species; Species Composition of Forests; Tree Stand Age; Review of Forest and Brush Communities; Typological Characteristics of Forests of the Karkonosze National Park; Threats to Forest Ecosystems; Objectives of Forest Ecosystem Protection; Principles of Forest Ecosystem Protection; Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems; Literature