John Rawls bol americký filozof a popredná osobnosť morálnej a politickej filozofie. Jeho rozsiahle dielo, ktoré je dnes považované za jeden z primárnych textov politickej filozofie, vychádza z argumentu, že najrozumnejšie princípy spravodlivosti sú tie, na ktorých by sa všetci dohodli z férového postavenia. Rawls využíva myšlienkové experimenty, vrátane slávneho závoja nevedomosti, na určenie spravodlivej dohody, kde sú všetci nestranne postavení na rovnakú úroveň, aby určil princípy sociálnej spravodlivosti. Jeho práca pomohla celej generácii obnoviť vieru v samotnú demokraciu.
Spravodlivosť ako férovosť rozvíja teóriu spravodlivosti vychádzajúc z myšlienky spoločenskej zmluvy. Princípy, ktoré formuluje, schvaľujú široko liberálnu koncepciu základných práv a slobôd a pripúšťajú nerovnosti iba v bohatstve a v príjme, ktoré by však mali byť na prospech tých, čo sú na tom najhoršie.
Slovenské vydanie Rawlsovej práce Právo národov je doplnené o štúdiu Revidovaná idea verejného rozumu, ktorá bola súčaťou rozšíreného vydania Práva národov z roku 1999. Rawls vychádza z toho, že „národy“(peoples) a nie štáty sú základnou jednotkou skúmania. Podľa neho skupiny národov, ktoré tvoria štáty, majú sledovať princípy, ktoré rozpracoval v známom diele Teória spravodlivosti. Demokracia sa mu zdá byť najlogickejším prostriedkom na naplnenie týchto princípov, avšak aj benígne ne-demokracie, ktoré nazýva „konzultačné hierarchie“, by sa na medzinárodnej scéne tiež mali považovať za prijateľné. V tejto súvislosti rozpracúva osem princípov, na základe ktorých by národy na tejto scéne mali pôsobiť (napr. národy sú slobodné a nezávislé a ostatné národy musia rešpektovať ich slobodu a nezávislosť, národy sú si rovné ako zmluvné strany, národy si ctia ľudské práva, národy majú právo na sebaobranu, ale nie právo na vojnu).
Zborník filozofov hlásiacich sa k liberalizmu.
John Rawls never published anything about his own religious beliefs, but after his death two texts were discovered which shed light on the subject. The present volume includes these two texts, together with an Introduction that discusses their relation to Rawls’s published work, and an essay that places them theological context.
Offers readers an account of the liberal political tradition from a scholar viewed by many as the greatest contemporary exponent of the philosophy behind that tradition.
A collection of the lectures on moral philosophy given by John Rawls over three decades of teaching at Harvard. This book looks at thinkers such as Leibniz, Hume and Kant, in their struggle to define the role of a moral conception in human life. schovat popis
This book continues and revises the ideas of justice as fairness that John Rawls presented in "A Theory of Justice" but changes its philosophical interpretation in a fundamental way. That previous work assumed what Rawls calls a "well-ordered society," one that is stable and relatively homogenous in its basic moral beliefs and in which there is broad agreement about what constitutes the good life. Yet in modern democratic society a plurality of incompatible and irreconcilable doctrines--religious, philosophical, and moral--coexist within the framework of democratic institutions. Recognizing this as a permanent condition of democracy, Rawls asks how a stable and just society of free and equal citizens can live in concord when divided by reasonable but incompatible doctrines?This edition includes the essay "The Idea of Public Reason Revisited," which outlines Rawls' plans to revise "Political Liberalism, " which were cut short by his death."An extraordinary well-reasoned commentary on "A Theory of Justice."..a decisive turn towards political philosophy."--"Times Literary Supplement"
An alternative cover edition for this ISBN can be found here. Since it appeared in 1971, John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has become a classic. The author has now revised the original edition to clear up a number of difficulties he and others have found in the original book. Rawls aims to express an essential part of the common core of the democratic tradition—justice as fairness—and to provide an alternative to utilitarianism, which had dominated the Anglo-Saxon tradition of political thought since the nineteenth century. Rawls substitutes the ideal of the social contract as a more satisfactory account of the basic rights and liberties of citizens as free and equal persons. “Each person,” writes Rawls, “possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.” Advancing the ideas of Rousseau, Kant, Emerson, and Lincoln, Rawls’s theory is as powerful today as it was when first published.
