Im Südirak, wo die Stille über den Dünen herrscht, liegen die Überreste der Sumerer, der ältesten bekannten Zivilisation, seit fast 5.000 Jahren im Sand. Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts entdeckten amerikanische Archäologen Keilschrifttafeln, die eine unbekannte Sprache und ein Volk offenbarten, das den meisten Gelehrten des alten Mesopotamiens unbekannt war. Während die Errungenschaften anderer mesopotamischer Völker wie der Assyrer und Babylonier weithin bekannt waren, brachte die Entdeckung der sumerischen Tafeln die Kultur ans Licht, die die Grundlage für alle späteren mesopotamischen Zivilisationen bildete. Den Sumerern wird die Erfindung der Schrift, Bibliotheken, Städte und Schulen zugeschrieben, was sie möglicherweise zum ersten Volk machte, das solche Innovationen hervorbrachte. Trotz ihrer bedeutenden Beiträge zur Zivilisation blieben die Sumerer oft im Schatten ihrer Nachfolger, da sie nie ein großes Reich oder eine beeindruckende Stadt wie Babylon errichteten. Ihre Errungenschaften in Politik, Kunst, Literatur und Religion prägten jedoch über Jahrhunderte den kulturellen Ton in Mesopotamien. Auch heute noch hat die Welt den Sumerern viel zu verdanken; sie erfanden das Rad, teilten die Zeit und schufen Handelswege, deren Einfluss in vielen Ursprungsgeschichten und im Alten Testament weiterlebt. Ihr Erbe ist in der gesamten Zivilisation spürbar.
Charles River Editors Poradie kníh (chronologicky)
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