William Noel Knihy

Drawings and writings by Archimedes, previously thought to have been destroyed, have been uncovered beneath the pages of a 13th-century monk's prayer book. These hidden texts, slowly being retrieved and deciphered by scientists, show that Archimedes' thinking (2,200 years ago) was even ahead of Isaac Newton in the 17th century. Archimedes discovered the value of Pi, he developed the theory of specific gravity and made steps towards the development of calculus. Everything we know about him comes from three manuscripts, two of which have disappeared. The third, currently in the Walters Art Museum, is a palimpsest - the text has been scraped off, the book taken apart and its parchment re-used, in this case as a prayer book. William Noel, the project director, and Reviel Netz, a historian of ancient mathematics, tell the enthralling story of the survival of that prayer book from 1229 to the present, and examine the process of recovering the invaluable text underneath as well as investigating into why that text is so important

At a Christie's auction in October 1998, a battered medieval manuscript sold for two million dollars to an anonymous bidder, who then turned it over to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore for further study. The manuscript was a palimpsest-a book made from an earlier codex whose script had been scraped off and the pages used again. Behind the script of the thirteenth-century monk's prayer book, the palimpsest revealed the faint writing of a much older, tenth-century manuscript. Part archaeological detective story, part science, and part history, The Archimedes Codex tells the extraordinary story of this lost manuscript, from its tenth-century creation in Constantinople to the auction block at Christie's, and how a team of scholars used the latest imaging technology to reveal and decipher the original text. What they found was the earliest surviving manuscript by Archimedes (287 b.c.-212 b.c.), the greatest mathematician of antiquity-a manuscript that revealed, for the first time, the full range of his mathematical genius, which was two thousand years ahead of modern science.

From Review - Reviel Netz and William Noel have given us a well written, immensely informative and hugely entertaining glimpse into the world of Archimedes, mathematical thinking, antiquarian book collecting, manuscript conservation and, above all, puzzle solving. Puzzle solving that is dependent on the mind-boggling expertise of linguists, classicists, mathematicians, chemists, computer scientists and imaging experts.

"The Morgan Picture Bible was designed to bring selected Old Testament stories into the thirteenth-century present of its original audience. The creators' original intention was to make these stories not only powerful and meaningful, but also as appealing and entertaining as possible by placing biblical heroes in contemporary settings." The Book of Kings provides the reader with unique insights into the politics, religion, and culture of thirteenth-century France. Eight essays by noted scholars of history and art history bring the court and crusades of King Louis IX (later Saint Louis) to life. Moreover, they demonstrate the relevance of Old Testament stories and imagery both in thirteenth-century France and in seventeenth-century Iran, when the Picture Bible belonged to the great Safavid ruler Shah 'Abbas. Furthermore, the catalogue section follows the path of the exhibition, which displays folios of the Picture Bible alongside a variety of other works in other media. The volume is beautifully illustrated with full-color images of over fifty folios, evoking the color and richness of the original.